Warriors in Ancient India did not wear protective helmets on the battlefield (unlike the Greeks and Romans). Obviously, many warriors were left with facial injuries, or missing an ear or nose. Hindu doctors already knew how to perform some rudimentary plastic interventions, there are records of this since 500 BC. For example, they did rhinoplasty procedures.
Doctors took a piece of skin from the patient's forehead, which was then folded and implanted over the nasal openings to create the new nose. Hollow tubes were inserted to form the nostrils while the patient recovered from the operation.
They also used Bengali ants to suture wounds.
These ants bite anything they touch with jaws that look like staples. Surgeons pieced together the damaged organ and carefully released the ants to bite the area. This process worked just like modern surgical staples. The doctor would then cut the ants' bodies, leaving the mandibles on the patient's body.
Over time, the animal's immune system would slowly absorb the jaws as the wound healed. In East Africa they also used this method.
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